Abstract: The main issues causing scientific disputes and public discussions about the directions, methods, and speed of the Paris Climate Agreement implementation have been considered and briefly analyzed. Various alternative sources of energy use and transformation used in energy transfer, with non-obvious advantages, – solar stations, wind farms, and hydrogen energy – have been studied.

The implementation experience and the results of the current decarbonization process in the leading countries have been analyzed, as well as decisions based on these results on further development scenarios. The requirements of the Green Deal climate program, which is aimed at global decarbonization of the world economy, have been briefly formulated, and the main declared tasks for decarbonization of the US economy and China’s plans for its economy decarbonization have been presented. The main elements of the Strategy of the Russian economy decarbonization until 2050 have been highlighted.

The main conditions and directions of decarbonization processes have been considered in developing scenarios – inertial and targeted – in the Strategy. The most preferred scenario of development – intensive – has been outlined. However, the adopted Strategy does not provide solutions to controversial and debatable issues of the theory and practice of decarbonization, such as the degree of influence of various factors (humans, water vapor, CO2, etc.) on the environment state. Some of these issues have been discussed in the present study.

Makhalina O.M., Makhalin V.N. Key and controversial issues of economy decarbonization. Vestnik Universiteta. 2025;1(12):219-227. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2025-12-219-227