Abstract: a comprehensive legal study of the regulation of energy efficiency and energy conservation in Russia and other countries. The importance of this issue lies in the need to integrate environmental goals into energy policy with the aim to address global challenges such as climate change and resource exhaustion. The legislative models established in the European Union, the United States, and China were analyzed in detail.

Their key characteristics were identified: the systematic and target-oriented approach in the European Union, the flexible model based on market incentives and voluntary programs in the United States, and the centralized imperative regulation in China. In Russia, despite the existence of a developed legal framework, the environmental and legal regulation in this area remains fragmented.

The main problems include the predominantly economic view of energy efficiency rather than an environmental one, the insufficient alignment with the climate agenda, the lack of effective economic incentives for businesses and the public, and the bureaucratization of energy audit procedures. Based on the results of the comparison, specific measures for improving Russian legislation were proposed: developing a system of “green” financing and tax incentives, actively implementing energy service contracts, introducing carbon regulation mechanisms, and fostering an informed public demand for energy-efficient solutions.

Редникова Т.В. Правовое регулирование энергоэффективности и энергосбережения в России и за рубежом: экологический вектор. Ученые записки Казанского университета. Серия Гуманитарные науки. 2025;167(5-6):282-297. https://doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2025.5-6.282-297