The Potential of INM-CM5 Multi-year Climate Forecasts for Hydrological Application in Russian River Basins

Abstract: This study assesses the potential of the INM-CM5 climate model to provide multi-year (1–5 years) forecasts of monthly and average annual precipitation and surface air temperature for hydrological application across Russia. Retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) for the period from 1991 to 2023 were used. The forecasts were verified for 12 river basins located almost throughout…